The field trial was set up with 5 blocks along the slope gra-dient each containing a control and three substrate treatments(see Appendix Fig. A1). Each plot included four grape vine rowsand three inter-rows, respectively. The three substrate treatmentswere: biochar alone (referred to hereafter as ‘biochar’), compostalone (‘compost’) and compost produced together with initially20 vol% biochar, i.e. the biochar was already present during thecomposting process (‘bc-compost’)