The direction of spontaneous
change
3.1 The dispersal of energy
3.2 Entropy
I3.1 Impact on engineering:
Refrigeration
3.3 Entropy changes
accompanying specific
processes
3.4 The Third Law of
thermodynamics
I3.2 Impact on materials chemistry:
Crystal defects
Concentrating on the system
3.5 The Helmholtz and Gibbs
energies
3.6 Standard molar Gibbs energies
Combining the First and
Second Laws
3.7 The fundamental equation
3.8 Properties of the internal
energy
3.9 Properties of the Gibbs energy