This study demonstrates that the titration method relying on visual detection of the end
point allows for fairly precise determination of the unknown concentration (relative error
less than 1%). Both bases and acids can be analyzed in this manner, as illustrated in this
report: 98.3 0.7 mM and NaOH c = ± cunknown = 62.0 ± 0.5 mM (confidence level 95%). The
precision and accuracy of the method can be improved by (i) fitting the buret with an
electronic device to control the flow of the fluid, (ii) using a spectrophotometer to detect
the color change at the end point of the titration, and (iii) using a special small-volume
chamber where two solutions – basic and acidic – can be rapidly mixed in order to
prevent a time lag from slow diffusion.