The NPG paradigm has inherent strengths for the study and practice of PAM. It
combines the strengths of PA and the NPM, by recognizing the legitimacy and interrelatedness
of both the policy making and the implementation/service delivery
processes. It also breaks new ground by appreciating and laying out the challenges of
PAM in the plural world that now comprises the environment of public services and of
PSOs. Finally it provides a coherent conceptual framework from which to develop
theory and research that can inform the practice of PAM in the twenty-first century.