It is important to keep in mind that GDM criteria were defined first by O’sullivan (58). The aim of these criteria was to evaluate the risk of future development of T2D in the mother and not to prevent short term adverse pregnancy outcomes. By contrast, the HAPO Study was designed to assess the relationship between the level of maternal hyperglycaemia with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as caesarean section rates, vascular pregnancy complications, macrosomia and fetal hyperinsulinism (59).