and controls were detected 1 year after discontinuation of PHT, suggesting a reversible drug effect. Similarly, 20 seizure free adults performed worse than controls on three measures before discontinuation of VPA monotherapy, and these deficits were completely reversible within 1 year (53). Daytime vigilance was studied by multiple sleep latency tests in a group of nine children who had been seizure free for at least 20 months on CBZ or VPA, and in 18 controls (54). Patients were tested before discontinuation of the medication over 4-6 weeks, and again 5-6 months later. Patients were found to have a significantly shorter sleep latency than controls, both before and after drug discontinuation. Among patients, sleep latency did not differ significantly with and without treatment. This persistent higher daytime sleep tendency could not be attributed to treatment or to seizure activity. The results of a large multicenter study based on AED discontinuation in children were reported by Aldenkamp et al. (55). One hundred children who had been seizure free for at least 1 year on a single AED were matched with healthy classmates. The patients underwent neuro psychological testing before and 34 months after complete AED discontinuation. A total of 83 patients were included in the final analysis, 56 on CBZ, 17 on VPA, and 10 on PHT. The emphasis of the neuropsychological testing was on psychomotor function and “central” cognitive processing. Improved psychomotor speed, specifically finger tapping for the dominant hand, was the only significant improvement attributable to drug discontinuation. There were some group differences between controls and the epilepsy group. These differences persisted after drug discontinuation