Natural phenolic compounds range from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to
highly polymerized compounds such as tannins and proanthocyanidins.
Majority of these
compounds are nowadays being recognised as important long-term health factors that reduce
the risk of chronic diseases. Gallic acid is an endogenous plant phenol known to possess
several pharmacological and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antimutagenic,
anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory. Thymol is a naturally occurring phenolic
monoterpene found in thyme oil extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme). It is a
white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and widely used as strong antiseptic.
In addition to its particularly well-known anti-microbial activity, thymol also possesses
antioxidant activity and specifically interacts with synaptic neural functions. Tannins are a
complex group of polyphenolic compounds that are present in many species commonly
consumed by ruminants. They are generally classified into two major groups: the
hydrolysable and the condensed tannins. Hydrolysable tannins are multiple esters of gallic
acid with glucose and products of their oxidative reactions. Tannic acid is a specific
commercial form of tannin whose chemical formula corresponds with decagalloyl glucose,
but in fact it is a mixture of polygalloyl glucoses with the number of galloyl moieties per
molecule ranging from 2 up to 12 depending on the plant source used to extract the tannic
acid. Tannic acid possesses distinct biological activity such as antidiabetic, antibacterial and
antimycotic activity.
Natural phenolic compounds range from simple molecules such as phenolic acids tohighly polymerized compounds such as tannins and proanthocyanidins. Majority of thesecompounds are nowadays being recognised as important long-term health factors that reducethe risk of chronic diseases. Gallic acid is an endogenous plant phenol known to possessseveral pharmacological and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antimutagenic,anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory. Thymol is a naturally occurring phenolicmonoterpene found in thyme oil extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme). It is awhite crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and widely used as strong antiseptic.In addition to its particularly well-known anti-microbial activity, thymol also possessesantioxidant activity and specifically interacts with synaptic neural functions. Tannins are acomplex group of polyphenolic compounds that are present in many species commonlyconsumed by ruminants. They are generally classified into two major groups: thehydrolysable and the condensed tannins. Hydrolysable tannins are multiple esters of gallicacid with glucose and products of their oxidative reactions. Tannic acid is a specificcommercial form of tannin whose chemical formula corresponds with decagalloyl glucose,but in fact it is a mixture of polygalloyl glucoses with the number of galloyl moieties permolecule ranging from 2 up to 12 depending on the plant source used to extract the tannicacid. Tannic acid possesses distinct biological activity such as antidiabetic, antibacterial andantimycotic activity.
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