Abstract: To understand how fruit tree characteristics andmicrohabitats shape the assemblage of birds on fig trees and
the pattern of fig–bird interactions, we observed and recorded, over 96 d and 816 h, the frugivorous birds visiting 32
individual trees belonging to 14 species of Ficus thatwere distributed across four different sites.Atotal of 30 bird species
were recorded as eating figs, comprising 66.7% of the total number of frugivorous bird species recorded at the four sites.
Small passerine birds such as bulbuls were the dominant frugivores for fig species. The number of bird species visiting
different fig trees was significantly influenced by the crop size and canopy volume. Fruit colour and fruit size did not
significantly influence the number of bird species, whereas habitats appeared to influence the composition of visiting
birds. The fig–frugivorous bird interaction was asymmetrically structured, and the degree of nestedness appeared to be
influenced by the forest type and degree of disturbance: the degree of nestedness in non-limestone forest tended to be
higher than limestone forest; forest with less disturbance tend to be more nested compared with the open forest with
high disturbance.