Because theProductiontestconsidersp

Because theProductiontestconsidersproportionofinformationunitsprovidedperword,higherpost-testscoresmightbe
the resultofchildrenproducingmoreinformationunitsaboutthesamewordsthattheyknewatpre-test(i.e.,theintervention
led themtodeepentheirknowledgeofthosewordsthattheyalreadyknew),ortheymightbetheresultofchildrenproducing
information unitsformoreofthewords(i.e.,theinterventionledthemtolearnnewwords).Toinvestigatethesealternatives,
we conductedaseriesofpaired t-tests onchildren’spre-andpost-testscoresfortheindividualTargetwordsthatwereincluded
on theProductiontest,usingBonferronicorrectionsformultiplecomparisons.Thesetestsrevealedthatchildrenproducedmore
information unitsperwordatpost-testfor7ofthe8TargetwordsintheRealisticthemethatwereincludedontheProduction
test andfor12ofthe13TargetwordsintheFantasticalthemethatwereincludedontheProductiontest.Thisindicatesthat,
even ifchildrenalreadyknewsomeoftheTargetwordsatpre-test,theygainedmoreinformationaboutthesewordsasaresult
of ourintervention.
We additionallycountedthenumberofTargetwordsforwhichchildrenproducedanyinformationunitsatpre-testand
post-test andcomparedthesecountsusingpaired t-tests. Childrenproducedinformationunitsaboutsignificantlymoreofthe
Target wordsatpost-testthanatpre-test,forboththeRealistictheme(pre-test M= 1.56words,SD=1.55;post-test M= 3.67
words, SD=2.21; t(77) =11.06, p < 0.01,Cohen’s d = 2.52,95%CI[1.72,2.48])andtheFantasticaltheme(pre-testM= 1.01words,
SD =1.28;post-test M= 5.60words,SD=3.70; t(79) =13.01, p < 0.01,Cohen’s d = 2.93,95%CI[3.89,5.29]).Importantly,these
results indicatethatchildrenlearnedabouttargetwordsthattheycouldnotprovideinformationaboutbefore.
For Exposurewords,therewasamaineffectofTime, F(1, 152)=20.88, p < 0.01, 2 = .03,butnoeffectofThemeandno
Time×Theme interactiononProductiontestperformance.ForControlwords,therewasamaineffectofTime, F(1, 152)=15.10,
p < 0.01, 2 = 0.03,andamaineffectofTheme, F(1, 152)=25.39, p < 0.01, 2 = 0.11.ScoresfortheFantasticaltheme(M= 0.32,
SD =0.29)weresignificantlyhigherthanfortheRealistictheme(M= 0.15,SD=0.18).However,therewasnointeractionwith
Time; thesedifferencesremainedstablebetweenpre-andpost-test,indicatingthatchildrendidnotlearntheControlwords
at differentratesinthedifferentthemes.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

เนื่องจาก theProductiontestconsidersproportionofinformationunitsprovidedperword, higherpost-testscoresmightberesultofchildrenproducingmoreinformationunitsaboutthesamewordsthattheyknewatpre-ทดสอบ (i.e.,theinterventionนำ themtodeepentheirknowledgeofthosewordsthattheyalreadyknew), ortheymightbetheresultofchildrenproducingข้อมูล unitsformoreofthewords(i.e.,theinterventionledthemtolearnnewwords) Toinvestigatethesealternativesเรา conductedaseriesofpaired t-ทดสอบ onchildren'spre-andpost-testscoresfortheindividualTargetwordsthatwereincludedบน theProductiontest,usingBonferronicorrectionsformultiplecomparisons.Thesetestsrevealedthatchildrenproducedmoreข้อมูล unitsperwordatpost-testfor7ofthe8TargetwordsintheRealisticthemethatwereincludedontheProductionทดสอบ andfor12ofthe13TargetwordsintheFantasticalthemethatwereincludedontheProductiontest.Thisindicatesthatแม้ ifchildrenalreadyknewsomeoftheTargetwordsatpre ทดสอบ theygainedmoreinformationaboutthesewordsasaresultของ ourinterventionเรา additionallycountedthenumberofTargetwordsforwhichchildrenproducedanyinformationunitsatpre-testandหลังทดสอบ andcomparedthesecountsusingpaired t-ทดสอบ ChildrenproducedinformationunitsaboutsignificantlymoreoftheForboththeRealistictheme wordsatpost-testthanatpre-ทดสอบ เป้าหมาย (ก่อนทดสอบ M = 1.56words, SD = 1.55 หลังทดสอบลง M = 3.67คำ SD = 2.21 t(77) = 11.06, p < 0.01 ของโคเฮน d = 2.52,95%CI[1.72,2.48])andtheFantasticaltheme (pre-testM = 1.01wordsSD =ถึง 1.28 หลังทดสอบ M = 5.60words, SD = 3.70 t(79) = 13.01, p < 0.01 ของโคเฮน d = 2.93,95%CI[3.89,5.29]) สำคัญ เหล่านี้ผล indicatethatchildrenlearnedabouttargetwordsthattheycouldnotprovideinformationaboutbeforeสำหรับ Exposurewords, therewasamaineffectofTime, F (1, 152) = 20.88, p < 0.01, 2 = .03, butnoeffectofThemeandnoเวลาซื้อชุดรูปแบบ interactiononProductiontestperformance.ForControlwords,therewasamaineffectofTime, F (1, 152) = 15.10พี < 0.01, 2 = 0.03, andamaineffectofTheme, F (1, 152) 25.39, p < 0.01, 2 = 0.11.ScoresfortheFantasticaltheme(M= = 0.32SD = 0.29) weresignificantlyhigherthanfortheRealistictheme (M = 0.15, SD = 0.18) อย่างไรก็ตาม therewasnointeractionwithเวลา thesedifferencesremainedstablebetweenpre-andpost-ทดสอบ indicatingthatchildrendidnotlearntheControlwordsที่ differentratesinthedifferentthemes

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

เพราะ unitsformoreofthewords (เช่น theinterventionledthemtolearnnewwords) .Toinvestigatethesealternatives, เรา conductedaseriesofpaired ทีทดสอบ onchildren'spre-andpost-testscoresfortheindividualTargetwordsthatwereincluded บน unitsperwordatpost-testfor7ofthe8TargetwordsintheRealisticthemethatwereincludedontheProduction ทดสอบ ourintervention. เรา andcomparedthesecountsusingpaired เสื้อทดสอบ Childrenproducedinformationunitsaboutsignificantlymoreofthe เป้าหมาย wordsatpost-testthanatpre ทดสอบ forboththeRealistictheme (ทดสอบก่อน M = 1.56words, SD = 1.55; หลังการทดสอบ M = 3.67 คำ, SD = 2.21; ตัน (77) = 11.06, p <0.01, โคเฮน d = 2.52, 95% CI [1.72,2.48]) andtheFantasticaltheme (ก่อน testM = 1.01words, SD = 1.28; หลังการทดสอบ M = 5.60words, SD = 3.70; ตัน (79) = 13.01, p <0.01, โคเฮน d = 2.93, 95% CI [3.89,5.29]). ที่สำคัญเหล่านี้ผลการindicatethatchildrenlearnedabouttargetwordsthattheycouldnotprovideinformationaboutbefore. สำหรับ Exposurewords, therewasamaineffectofTime, F (1, 152) = 20.88, p <0.01, 2 = 0.03, butnoeffectofThemeandno เวลา× interactiononProductiontestperformance.ForControlwords ธีม therewasamaineffectofTime, F (1, 152) = 15.10, p <0.01, 2 = 0.03 andamaineffectofTheme, F (1, 152) = 25.39, p <0.01, 2 = 0.11.ScoresfortheFantasticaltheme (M = 0.32, SD = 0.29) weresignificantlyhigherthanfortheRealistictheme ( M = 0.15, SD = 0.18) อย่างไรก็ตาม, therewasnointeractionwith เวลา; differentratesinthedifferentthemes

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

เพราะ theproductiontestconsidersproportionofinformationunitsprovidedperword higherpost , testscoresmightbe
resultofchildrenproducingmoreinformationunitsaboutthesamewordsthattheyknewatpre ทดสอบ ( เช่น กลุ่ม LED themtodeepentheirknowledgeofthosewordsthattheyalreadyknew ortheymightbetheresultofchildrenproducing

) , ข้อมูล unitsformoreofthewords ( เช่นtheinterventionledthemtolearnnewwords ) toinvestigatethesealternatives

เรา conductedaseriesofpaired , จำนวน onchildren'spre-andpost-testscoresfortheindividualtargetwordsthatwereincluded บน theproductiontest usingbonferronicorrectionsformultiplecomparisons thesetestsrevealedthatchildrenproducedmore
, .andfor12ofthe13targetwordsinthefantasticalthemethatwereincludedontheproductiontest ทดสอบ unitsperwordatpost-testfor7ofthe8targetwordsintherealisticthemethatwereincludedontheproduction
ข้อมูล thisindicatesthat
ทดสอบ , ifchildrenalreadyknewsomeofthetargetwordsatpre แม้ theygainedmoreinformationaboutthesewordsasaresult

ของ ourintervention .และเรา additionallycountedthenumberoftargetwordsforwhichchildrenproducedanyinformationunitsatpre
โพสต์ andcomparedthesecountsusingpaired แบบทดสอบ . childrenproducedinformationunitsaboutsignificantlymoreofthe
เป้าหมาย wordsatpost testthanatpre การทดสอบก่อนเรียน ( forboththerealistictheme M = 1.56words , SD = 1.55 ; โพสต์ทดสอบ M = 3.67
คำ , SD = 2.21 ; T ( 77 ) = 11.06 , p < 0.01 , Cohen D = 2.52,95 % CI [ 1.72,2 .48 ) andthefantasticaltheme ( ก่อน testm = 1.01words
, SD = 1.28 ; โพสต์ทดสอบ M = 5.60words , SD = 3.70 ; T ( 79 ) = 5 , p < 0.01 , Cohen D = 2.93,95 % CI [ 3.89,5.29 ] ) ที่สำคัญ เหล่านี้ผล indicatethatchildrenlearnedabouttargetwordsthattheycouldnotprovideinformationaboutbefore
.
สำหรับ exposurewords therewasamaineffectoftime , f ( 1 152 ) = 20.88 , p < 0.01 ,  butnoeffectofthemeandno
2 = . 03 ,เวลา interactiononproductiontestperformance กระทู้× . forcontrolwords therewasamaineffectoftime , f ( 1 , 152 ) = 15.10
p < 0.01 ,  2 = 0.03 , andamaineffectoftheme , f ( 1 , 152 ) = 25.39 , p < 0.01 ,  2 = 0.11 . scoresforthefantasticaltheme ( M = 0.32 ,
SD = 0.29 ) weresignificantlyhigherthanfortherealistictheme ( M = 0.15 , SD = 0.18 ) อย่างไรก็ตาม therewasnointeractionwith
andpost thesedifferencesremainedstablebetweenpre ทดสอบ , เวลาindicatingthatchildrendidnotlearnthecontrolwords
ที่ differentratesinthedifferentthemes .