The Gwembe region (Fig. 1) and the Tonga people of Southern Zambia are best known through the works of Elizabeth Colson and Thayer Scudder, who have documented the transformation of a small-scale society through a macro-level development project. The “before and after” study of Gwembe Tonga life in conjunction with the building of the Kariba Dam in 1958 quickly became a unique longitudinal study of continuity and change when Colson and Scudder realized that their baseline data offered a unique foundation for examining a range of social issues as Zambia gained independence from Britain. They examined how resettlement and “development” impacted religious and kinship systems and also documented in rich detail the livelihood changes and continuities among the Gwembe Tonga. In the mid-1990s, Samuel Clark, Lisa Cliggett, and Rhonda Gillett-Netting joined the project with the goal of carrying on the longitudinal research program into the twenty-first century. Since then, Cliggett has carried out anthropological research in the Gwembe Valley and the migration destinations of the Gwembe that most recently has focused on livelihood and food security in the context of migration, with attention to access rights to productive resources, such as land, farming inputs, and labor.