The first reform efforts therefore emerged just prior to independence to prepare
the indigenous people for self rule. The attainment of independence generated immense
development expectations and increased responsibilities that demanded changes in the
administrative processes, culture, orientation, and capabilities. Both countries sought to
reorient their systems to be responsive to the development needs of the people. As a result, the Africanization policy was introduced by which native Ugandans and
Tanzanians replaced the Europeans and other foreigners, even in the face of a desperate
lack of suitable local replacement and a continuing availability of trained foreign
personnel. The Africanization policy was implemented in most former British colonies.
Heady (2001) cites a Nigerian offering justification for the policy: