The importance of fiber for the normal function of the digestive system has been long appreciated. Hippocrates is quoted as stating that “whole meal bread makes larger feces than refined bread.” In the early 1970s, Burkitt and Trowell (7) published widely on the “fiber hypothesis,” stating that higher fiber intakes protect against a wide range of Western diseases. Traditionally, fiber was measured as “crude fiber,” which includes only the most resistant fibers consumed. As the scientific support for a role for resistant carbohydrates not captured by the crude fiber method such as pectin, glucans, and oligosaccharides was published, additional analytical methods to measure more carbohydrates resistant to digestion and absorption were needed. Accepted analytical methods to determine dietary fiber were then developed, especially because fiber was included on the Nutrition Facts panel. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (1990) required that all packaged foods include the Nutrition Facts panel. Nutrition Facts must include total dietary fiber (TDF); insoluble and soluble fiber also may be listed but are not required unless claims are made.