Montaser and Alkafafy (2013) concluded that, high doses of carmoisine could be harmful to liver which lowers the expression level of some metabolic enzymes. Sunset Yellow is allowed as a food additive in the EU and previously evaluated by the Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1982 and the EU Scienti c Committee for Food (SCF) in 1984. Sunset Yellow FCF was reported negative in in vitro genotoxicity as well as in long- term carcinogenicity studies. No mutagenic effects were noted in an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus tests in mice and rats after a single oral exposure to 2000 mg/kg body weight (Westmoreland and Gatehouse, 1991).