Furthermore faced with the impossibility of traditional framing practices.
lack of other work kills and inadequate health and education facilities, the resettled communities are driven into deeper poverty. The problem is exacerbated by the loose enforcement of existing land regulations to compensate displaced populations. As a communist country, Laos retains the right to forcibly seize or redistribute land without prior consent. Although a 2005 decree requires investors to compensate resettled villagers affected in full or in part at replacement cost, implementation has often been piecemeal or non-existent, with little negotiation taking place between the villagers and the government. This unlawful deprivation of land shows how the country's natural resources have been "captured by an elite growing spectacularly rich while one third of the population lives on less than $0.61 a day". Land seizures for rubber plantations by Vietnam's largest companies (HAGL) and the Vietnam Rubber Group(VRG), have been Hoang Anh Gia Lai and the particularly problematic. Put together, the two rubber giants have rights to more than 200,000 hectares of land concessions in Laos. These deals have been financed by international investors, with International Finance Corporation OFO the private lending arm of the World Bank primarily investing in HAGL and the Deutsche Bank investing in both companies. 6 The non-transparent nature of investments resulted in a legal vacuum fuelling a land-grabbing crisis." The companies were also accused of turning a blind eye to the deforestation and human rights abuses of the indigenous people. These abuses include depleted fish levels in waterwaysencroachment and destruction of sacred land, deaths of hundreds of livestock, and even sexual abuse by company employees as on 10 February 2014, indigenous communities filed an official complaint to the Compliance Advisor ombudsman(CAO) of the IFC on the unlawful abuses. International agencies aided in lodging this complaint, and in Cambodia, such complaints have culminated in the halting of HAGL's rubber plantation constructions from 28 April to 30 November 2014.39 There are hopes for similar outcomes in Laos, with VRG's announcements this year, that citizens will be allowed to submit formal complaints directly to the company, and of a community consultation and scheme across all twenty-one plantations in Cambodia and laos