Helicobacter pylori is one of the major human pathogens. It
can colonize the surface of gastric mucosa and increase the
risk of gastroduodenal ulcers. Colonization is also correlated
with gastric adenocarcinoma.1 Therefore, eradication
of H. pylori is important to prevent peptic ulceration and
gastric carcinogenesis. Triple therapy, which is a protonpump
inhibitor combined with two antibiotics, including
clarithromycin and amoxicillin, or clarithromycin and
metronidazole, is highly recommended as the first line
treatment.2 However, resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin,
and metronidazole in H. pylori has already
increased.3e5 Therefore, new therapies are urgently
required.