) who either did not have true number words
or had consistent, unambiguous words only for one and two but more loosely
used words for three and four. On a variety of tasks that involved simple addition,
subtraction, or ordering items, these innumerate people demonstrated simple
arithmetic reasoning, but their responses were mostly imprecise. For example,
they matched a collection of four to a collection of five or judged that 6 2 3 ¼ 2.