Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury exposures are ubiquitous. These toxic elements have no physiological benefits, engendering
interest in minimizing body burden. The physiological process of sweating has long been regarded as “cleansing” and of low risk.
Reports of toxicant levels in sweat were sought in Medline, Embase, Toxline, Biosis, and AMED as well as reference lists and grey
literature, from inception to March 22, 2011. Of 122 records identified, 24 were included in evidence synthesis. Populations, and
sweat collection methods and concentrations varied widely. In individuals with higher exposure or body burden, sweat generally
exceeded plasma or urine concentrations, and dermal could match or surpass urinary daily excretion. Arsenic dermal excretion was
severalfold higher in arsenic-exposed individuals than in unexposed controls. Cadmium was more concentrated in sweat than in
blood plasma. Sweat lead was associated with high-molecular-weight molecules, and in an interventional study, levels were higher
with endurance compared with intensive exercise. Mercury levels normalized with repeated saunas in a case report. Sweating
deserves consideration for toxic element detoxification. Research including appropriately sized trials is needed to establish safe,
effective therapeutic protocols.