. look for any orbital that has a symmetry that precludes
orbital interactions between fragments.
The -bonding in BF3 evolves from interactions involving
the fragment a1’ and e’ orbitals. Inspection of Figure 4.22
reveals that there are two F3-fragment LGOs with a1’ symmetry,
and three sets of e’ orbitals. The extent of mixing
between fragment orbitals of the same symmetry depends
on their relative energies, and is impossible to predict with
any degree of reliability. At the simplest level, we can
assume a -bonding picture that mimics that in BH3
(Figure 4.17). This picture involves LGO(1) in the formation
of the a1’ and a1’ MOs labelled in Figure 4.23, but leaves
LGO(4) as a non-bonding orbital. This model can be finetuned
by allowing some of the character of LGO(4) to be
mixed into the a1’ and a1’ MOs with BF bonding or antibonding
character. In order to ‘balance the books’, some
character from LGO(1) must then end up in the non-bonding
a1’ orbital. Similarly, we could allow contributions from the
fragment e’ MOs containing F 2px and 2py character to mix
into the e’ and e’ MOs with BF bonding or antibonding
character. In the simplest bonding picture, these MOs
contain F 2s character, and LGOs(6), (7), (10) and (11)
become non-bonding MOs in BF3. Assessing the extent of
orbital mixing is difficult, if not impossible, at a qualitative
level. It is best unravelled by computational programs
(many of which are available for use on a PC) which run
at a variety of levels of sophistication.
The a2’’ symmetry of the B 2pz orbital matches that of
LGO(5) and an in-phase orbital interaction gives rise to an
MO that has -bonding character delocalized over all three
BF interactions.
The only orbitals on the F3 fragment for which there is
no symmetry match on the B atom comprise the e’’ set.
These orbitals are carried across into BF3 as non-bonding
MOs.
The overall bonding picture for BF3 is summarized in
Figure 4.23. There are four bonding MOs, four antibonding
MOs and eight non-bonding MOs. The B atom provides
three electrons and each F atom, seven electrons, giving a
total of 12 electron pairs to occupy the 12 bonding and
non-bonding MOs shown in Figure 4.23. This is a simple picture
of the bonding which does not allow for orbital mixing.
However, it provides a description that includes partial
-character in each BF bond, and is therefore consistent
with the VB treatment that we discussed in Section 4.3.
. look for any orbital that has a symmetry that precludesorbital interactions between fragments.The -bonding in BF3 evolves from interactions involvingthe fragment a1’ and e’ orbitals. Inspection of Figure 4.22reveals that there are two F3-fragment LGOs with a1’ symmetry,and three sets of e’ orbitals. The extent of mixingbetween fragment orbitals of the same symmetry dependson their relative energies, and is impossible to predict withany degree of reliability. At the simplest level, we canassume a -bonding picture that mimics that in BH3(Figure 4.17). This picture involves LGO(1) in the formationof the a1’ and a1’ MOs labelled in Figure 4.23, but leavesLGO(4) as a non-bonding orbital. This model can be finetunedby allowing some of the character of LGO(4) to bemixed into the a1’ and a1’ MOs with BF bonding or antibondingcharacter. In order to ‘balance the books’, somecharacter from LGO(1) must then end up in the non-bondinga1’ orbital. Similarly, we could allow contributions from thefragment e’ MOs containing F 2px and 2py character to mixinto the e’ and e’ MOs with BF bonding or antibondingcharacter. In the simplest bonding picture, these MOscontain F 2s character, and LGOs(6), (7), (10) and (11)become non-bonding MOs in BF3. Assessing the extent oforbital mixing is difficult, if not impossible, at a qualitativelevel. It is best unravelled by computational programs(many of which are available for use on a PC) which run
at a variety of levels of sophistication.
The a2’’ symmetry of the B 2pz orbital matches that of
LGO(5) and an in-phase orbital interaction gives rise to an
MO that has -bonding character delocalized over all three
BF interactions.
The only orbitals on the F3 fragment for which there is
no symmetry match on the B atom comprise the e’’ set.
These orbitals are carried across into BF3 as non-bonding
MOs.
The overall bonding picture for BF3 is summarized in
Figure 4.23. There are four bonding MOs, four antibonding
MOs and eight non-bonding MOs. The B atom provides
three electrons and each F atom, seven electrons, giving a
total of 12 electron pairs to occupy the 12 bonding and
non-bonding MOs shown in Figure 4.23. This is a simple picture
of the bonding which does not allow for orbital mixing.
However, it provides a description that includes partial
-character in each BF bond, and is therefore consistent
with the VB treatment that we discussed in Section 4.3.
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