Introduction
Tropical regions harbor almost two-thirds of the flowering plants [1], [2], where intercontinental disjunctions occur commonly within and among plant genera due to Gondwana breakup, immigration from the Laurasian tropics and transoceanic dispersal [3], [4]. Compared with the Southern Hemisphere biogeography, whether vicariance or long distance dispersal has played a more important role during and after the fragmentation of Gondwana (160-30 Mya) [5], [6], biogeography of the Northern Hemisphere is more complex because of not only the impact of climatic and geological changes [7]–[9], but also the frequent migration by the North Atlantic land bridge and the Bering land bridge in the Tertiary [10]–[14]. A series of studies have suggested the boreotropical region as a corridor for the migration of thermophilic groups, such as Magnoliaceae [15], [16], Alangiaceae [17], Burmanniaceae [18], Altingiaceae [19], and Malpighiaceae [20]. However, most of them focused on woody plants, and paid little attention to herbs, which have shorter life histories, higher rates of molecular evolution [21], and much fewer fossils due to differential leaf and pollen production [22]. It would be of great interest to investigate the biogeographical history of herbaceous plant groups showing tropical disjunct distributions.
IntroductionTropical regions harbor almost two-thirds of the flowering plants [1], [2], where intercontinental disjunctions occur commonly within and among plant genera due to Gondwana breakup, immigration from the Laurasian tropics and transoceanic dispersal [3], [4]. Compared with the Southern Hemisphere biogeography, whether vicariance or long distance dispersal has played a more important role during and after the fragmentation of Gondwana (160-30 Mya) [5], [6], biogeography of the Northern Hemisphere is more complex because of not only the impact of climatic and geological changes [7]–[9], but also the frequent migration by the North Atlantic land bridge and the Bering land bridge in the Tertiary [10]–[14]. A series of studies have suggested the boreotropical region as a corridor for the migration of thermophilic groups, such as Magnoliaceae [15], [16], Alangiaceae [17], Burmanniaceae [18], Altingiaceae [19], and Malpighiaceae [20]. However, most of them focused on woody plants, and paid little attention to herbs, which have shorter life histories, higher rates of molecular evolution [21], and much fewer fossils due to differential leaf and pollen production [22]. It would be of great interest to investigate the biogeographical history of herbaceous plant groups showing tropical disjunct distributions.
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