The sol-gel method is the process of transforming sol into gel.Sols are solid particles suspended in liquid, while gels are particulate networks ofsols. The steps of the sol-gel method consist of two main reactions: hydrolysis andcondensation before the calcination to obtain TiO2 crystalline structure. For thesynthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials uses various precursors, including TiCl3, Ti(OBu)4,TiCl4, TiBr4, and Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4 (TTIP). These precursors are then hydrolyzed by addingwater, resulting in the formation of a complex in the step of condensation to obtaina three-dimensional network complex as shown in the following equations