Catalyst Synthesis: The zeolite catalyst is prepared by adopting a method developed by [14]. A solution of 360g water glass (28.8% SiO , 8.9% Na O and 62.4% H O) and 450 g H O which was denoted as A was prepared. Meanwhile, another solution consisted of 12.3 g Al (SO ) 18H O, 30 g H SO 98% and 600 g H O denoted as B was also prepared. Solution B then was added slowly to solution A and stirred with a magnetic stirrer until a white gel was produced. To produce a smooth and homogenous gel, the white gel was stirred for another 1 h. Then to the homogenous gel, 124 g ethanol was added slowly. The mixture was stirred continuously for 1 h. The pH of the gel is between 10-11, if the pH is not in those ranges either H SO or NaOH solution was added. The gel with SiO /Al O ratio 94 was then heated at 176°C, stirred at 100 rpm for 24 h in an autoclave. The crystal produced then was filtered and washed with distilled water until the pH of the filtrate was 8. The crystal was then dried in an oven at 110°C for 24 h. The crystal produced was NawithZeolite or so called ZSM-5.H-Zeolite (HZSM-5) was prepared from ZSM-5 (NaZeolite) by ion-exchanged. ZSM-5 was dissolve in 2M ammonium chloride solution with the ratio of 1:10. The process was repeated three times. HZSM-5 produced then was filtered, washed and dried at 110 °C for 6 h, followedby calcination at 550°C for 5 h under N atmosphere. Catalyst characterisations were carried out using Absorption Atomic Spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) analyses.
Catalytic Cracking Process: The catalytic cracking was carried out in a microreactor filled with approximately 1 g of a catalyst bed and the reactor was sealed with a heating element. Palm oil was fed to a feed tank which was heated at 350°C; nitrogen was also fed to the feed tank at flow rates between 100 – 160 ml.min . Oil vapour and N was then flown to the fixed bed reactor which was already heated to a desired temperature (350-500°C) Absorption Atomic Spectroscopy (AAS) showed that synthesized HZSM-5 has Si/Al. Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET). The catalytic cracking reaction was conducted for 120 min. The products were analysed in a gas chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionization Detector (FID) column HPPORAPLOT QO4. Experimental set up was shown in Figure 1.