Thermoregulatory responses to cold start with a process called “Vascular Shunt” which starts in the posterior hypothalamus, cold receptors sense the environmental temperature which the skin is exposed to and relays the input back. In response to the cold the blood is displaced from the skin to the core by vasoconstriction of the cutaneous circulation by the sympathetic nervous system, this reduces heat loss to the environment through radiation. The reduction in skin temperature reduces the temperature gradient between the skin and the environment and thus reduces the largest loss of heat to the environment. Excessive heat loss may be experienced in extremely cold temperatures as vasodilatation of blood vessels in the skin is delayed, which alternates with intense vasoconstriction in cycles of 15-30min. This mechanism has been described as the “hunting response” by sir Thomas Lewis in 1930 for the up and down pattern of seeking a stable temperature (Lewis., 1930). This phenomenon has been observed in different parts of the body (Fox and Wyatt., 1962) and is thought to be a protective function to minimise risk of injury and maintain manual function in the cold as the skin temperature can rise up to 10°C during the re-warming bursts. Smooth muscles in the peripheral blood vessels are paralyzed at 10°C causing the muscles to relax and no longer responsive to vasoconstriction signal causing blood flow to return through the vessels and completing the cycle (Tissandier O., 1875). The effectiveness of this vasoconstriction in reducing heat loss is influenced by the amount of adipose tissue under the skin, the fat and skin insulate the body when the blood vessels are tightly constricted (Haymes., 1986) however this relationship only exists if the constriction is maximal as blood vessels pass through the fat and at maximal constriction the flow of blood is below the fat.