]. This technique was applied by Xiong et al. [23] to determine light hydrocarbons C6–C12 in petroleum and aqueous samples. Under optimum extraction conditions (1.5 μL drop of n-hexadecane, 30 min extraction of 5 mL aqueous sample and stirring at 1000 rpm at room temperature) limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.26–4.33 μg L− 1 and relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3.8–6.1%. In comparison with traditional LLE, the ratio of solvent to sample is small, and SDME is easily ap- plied.