Each year, an average of about 5 million tons of petroleum is
transported across the seas around the world (Anisuddin et al.,
2005) putting the marine lives and ecosystem in a dire risk.
Hence, the impact of oil spill on the ecosystem is severe and cannot
be overemphasized (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Spills affect marine life.
Marine birds, especially diving birds, and shell fishes are the most
vulnerable (Fig. 1a). However, the effect of chemical dispersants
most commonly used to control the spills may even be more
harmful and in some cases kill shell fishes. Oil spills also soil beaches (Fig. 1d) and shorelines (Fig. 1c) (Ladd and Smith, 1970).
Each year, an average of about 5 million tons of petroleum istransported across the seas around the world (Anisuddin et al.,2005) putting the marine lives and ecosystem in a dire risk.Hence, the impact of oil spill on the ecosystem is severe and cannotbe overemphasized (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Spills affect marine life.Marine birds, especially diving birds, and shell fishes are the mostvulnerable (Fig. 1a). However, the effect of chemical dispersantsmost commonly used to control the spills may even be moreharmful and in some cases kill shell fishes. Oil spills also soil beaches (Fig. 1d) and shorelines (Fig. 1c) (Ladd and Smith, 1970).
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