Damages can be estimated from whole-body impact data, where the force is uniformly distributed over the entire front surface area of 0.7 m2 to 0.9 m2.
From above data, if the collision lasts for less than about 70 ms, a person will survive if the whole-body impact pressure is less than 1.9 x105 N/m2. Death results in 50% of cases in which the whole-body impact pressure reaches 3.4 x 105 N/m2