Table (3) illustrates the results for items on students’ about heat transfer and temperature change conceptions of temperature. More than 46 % of the respondents have their own ideas regarding all items as follows:
· Heating always results in an increase in temperature.
· Heat only travels upward.
· Heat rises.
· Heat and cold flow like liquids.
· Temperature can be transferred.
·Objects of different temperature that are in contact with each other or in contact with air at different temperature, do not necessarily move toward the same temperature. (Thermal equilibrium is not a concept.)
· Hot objects naturally cool down, cold objects naturally warm up.
· Heat flows more slowly through conductors making them feel hot.
· The kinetic theory does not really explain heat transfer. (Explanations are recited but not believed).
kinetic