Chlorine is the most economic oxidant usedto remove iron and manganese ions [15], but it
can react with natural organic matter and produce
disinfection by-products (DBPs). Ozone is a very
strong oxidizing agent and it requires a very low
oxidation time, but it is expensive and needs more
technological requirements than other oxidants.
Potassium permanganate is a stronger oxidant than
chlorine and sodium hypochlorite. Unlike chlorine,
the reaction of potassium permanganate with
organic compounds will not produce trihalomethanes
but reduce them [16]. Other advantages of
using such oxidant include oxidation of both iron
and manganese, easy to transport and to use, limited
impact on other processes, oxidation of compounds
causing odor and taste, removal of some
viruses. Disadvantages include: high contact time,
coloration of waters if overdosed, toxic and irritant
for dermal contact, and higher cost compared
with chlorine.