In addition, the absorption of vitamin K is dependent on bile reaching the duodenum and is therefore reduced in cholestasis. In general, the degree of prolongation of the PT and APTT reflect the degree of hepatic biosynthetic failure. Late in liver disease one may observe a prolongation of the TT due to dys- and/or hypo-fibrinogenaemia. Patients with liver disease may therefore require surgical procedures to be covered with intravenous vitamin K 1 prophylaxis and/or FFP and cryoprecipitate. Gastrointestinal malabsorption resulting in reduced bioavail-ability of vitamin K may also result in disturbance of coagulation.