reported that L. lactis subsp. cremoris, S.
thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus produce
tyramine, whereas the other tested BA, such as histamine, putrescine
and cadaverine were not detected. Omafuvbe and Enyioha
(2011) found that some of the LAB strains belonging to Lactobacillus,
Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus and Enterococcus genera
can decarboxylate tyrosine and lysine. Lactic acid bacteria are the
main bacteria responsible for putrescine production in wine
(Moreno-Arribas & Polo, 2008). Several lactic acid bacteria can
use agmatine via the agmatine deaminase pathway to produce
putrescine. Putrescine, one of the main biogenic amines associated
with microbial food spoilage, can be formed by bacteria from arginine
via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), or from agmatine via agmatine
deiminase (AgDI). Putrescine production from agmatine
could be linked to the aguA and ptcA genes in Lactobacillus hilgardii
X1B and E. faecalis ATCC 11700 (Landete, Arena, Pardo, Manca de
Nadra, & Ferrer, 2010). In the current study, 11 isolates of S. thermophilus
did not produce putrescine, whilst two isolates were
characterised as medium putrescine producers (