There was partial support for the hypothesized effects of built environmental condition on participant affect. There were no ef- fects for either environmental condition or learning modality on positive mood. However, the results indicated that students in the OCZ condition reported more negative affect than those in the normal condition. Low negative affect in this study would reflect a measure of calmness, whereas high negative affect reflects distress and aversive states. The measures of negative affect used in this study may not be directly comparable to arousal scales used in other research. Although previous research suggests that arousal states may be lower with warmer temperatures, higher in more noisy conditions, and unrelated to illumination, the findings from this study suggest that a composite negative environment can lead to feelings of distress. In an environment with multiple uncomfortable elements, perhaps subjective states of all elements become negatively skewed. Alter- natively, perhaps individuals attend to the negative aspect of the environment that is most salient to their individual needs for learning environment. Additional research to determine individual preferences for learning in association to unique and composite environmental stressors may be needed to clarify these effects.