Articles were classified as ‘‘field’’ research if they (a) contained data collected in an applied (non laboratory) setting for analysis in that article, (b) reanalysed data collected in an applied setting at an earlier time (excluding meta analyses), or (c) collected survey or observational data that applied directly to the population observed/surveyed (e.g., drug use among employees). Experimental or correlational articles were classified as ‘‘laboratory’’ when data were collected in a laboratory or simulated setting, or if survey questions were not relevant to current setting (e.g., college students asked about preference for management style).