This is the second of a 2-part series focusing on newer therapies for type 2 diabetes and their cardiovascular
implications. In the first segment, we reviewed the thiazolidinediones, highlighting emerging data concerning their
cardiovascular effects, both positive and negative. Here, we present a corresponding discussion of the newest
antihyperglycemic category, modulators of the incretin system, which include the glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics and
the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. In addition, we briefly survey several novel drug classes in development, provide
summary recommendations for glucose-lowering regimens in specific patient types, underscore the importance of
nonglucose cardiovascular risk reduction strategies, and comment on present and future considerations for the regulatory
review of diabetes drugs