Panel B of Table 3 reports the results on the industry specialization. The ‘‘high ISPEC’’
observations that hire expert auditors (i.e., column (3)) have higher mean forecast accuracy
(0.0256 versus 0.0439) than the ‘‘low ISPEC’’ observations that hire non-specialized
auditors (i.e., column (1)). The difference between the two is negative and significant at 1
percent level (t 5.51 and z 4.58).16 Similarly, the high ISPEC observations show
lower forecast dispersion than the low ISPEC observations as reported in the bottom two
rows of the Panel B of Table 3 (t 4.49 and z 6.09). In summary, all the univariate test
results suggest that audit quality, measured by Big 5 and industry specialized auditor choice,
is associated with the properties of analysts’ earnings forecasts in the manner we hypothesize.
However, because univariate tests are prone to the influence of other correlated omitted
variables that can affect analysts’ earnings forecast properties, we perform the following
multivariate analyses.
Panel B of Table 3 reports the results on the industry specialization. The ‘‘high ISPEC’’
observations that hire expert auditors (i.e., column (3)) have higher mean forecast accuracy
(0.0256 versus 0.0439) than the ‘‘low ISPEC’’ observations that hire non-specialized
auditors (i.e., column (1)). The difference between the two is negative and significant at 1
percent level (t 5.51 and z 4.58).16 Similarly, the high ISPEC observations show
lower forecast dispersion than the low ISPEC observations as reported in the bottom two
rows of the Panel B of Table 3 (t 4.49 and z 6.09). In summary, all the univariate test
results suggest that audit quality, measured by Big 5 and industry specialized auditor choice,
is associated with the properties of analysts’ earnings forecasts in the manner we hypothesize.
However, because univariate tests are prone to the influence of other correlated omitted
variables that can affect analysts’ earnings forecast properties, we perform the following
multivariate analyses.
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