In reality, not every laboratory has a TD unit that can be used for direct thin-film injection, so the solvent-desorption method was applied by desorbing the extracted membrane in the organic solvent and then injecting the solvent into the GC [14,16,53,54]. The disadvantage of solvent desorption compared to TD is that only a portion of the extracted compounds can be introduced into the instrument. However, the advantage is the flexibility of coupling TFME to HPLC and achieving full
automation. For example, the 96-blade TFME system consists of a series of fully automated stations including extraction, desorption and condition. The extracted blade usually desorbs in organic solvent, and the solvent is later injected into the HPLC for separation and quantification