Attitudinal variables. Religiosity was based on a rating in 1980 of how
much religious beliefs influenced the respondent’s daily life (1 = not at all,
5=a great deal), as well as the daily life of the spouse. The two items were
averaged to yield a total religiosity score (α = 0.82). Divorce attitudes
were measured in 1980 with a 6-item scale (α = 0.71). Sample items included
“Marriage is for life, even if the couple is unhappy,” and “The personal
happiness of an individual is more important than putting up with a
bad marriage” (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). Items were
scored in the direction of conservative attitudes toward divorce and the
mean response served as the scale score (α = 0.71). Marital happinesswas
based on an 11-item scale that assessed the respondent’s happiness with
different aspects of the marriage (α = 0.87). For example, respondents
were asked, “How happy are you with the amount of love and affection
you receive from your spouse? . . . with the amount of understanding you
receive from your spouse?” (1 = not very happy, 2 = pretty happy, 3 = very
happy). This variable was measured at the time of the interview prior to
divorce.
Attitudinal variables. Religiosity was based on a rating in 1980 of howmuch religious beliefs influenced the respondent’s daily life (1 = not at all,5=a great deal), as well as the daily life of the spouse. The two items wereaveraged to yield a total religiosity score (α = 0.82). Divorce attitudeswere measured in 1980 with a 6-item scale (α = 0.71). Sample items included“Marriage is for life, even if the couple is unhappy,” and “The personalhappiness of an individual is more important than putting up with abad marriage” (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree). Items werescored in the direction of conservative attitudes toward divorce and themean response served as the scale score (α = 0.71). Marital happinesswasbased on an 11-item scale that assessed the respondent’s happiness withdifferent aspects of the marriage (α = 0.87). For example, respondentswere asked, “How happy are you with the amount of love and affectionyou receive from your spouse? . . . with the amount of understanding youreceive from your spouse?” (1 = not very happy, 2 = pretty happy, 3 = veryhappy). This variable was measured at the time of the interview prior todivorce.
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