The main characteristics of a currency board are as follows.
(1) Anchor Currency
The domestic currency maintains a fixed exchange rate to an anchor currency (British
pound sterling, U.S. dollar, Euro etc.), and the note-issuing is 100% backed by a foreign
assets. A currency board is a variant of fixed exchange rate targeting in which the commitment
to the fixed exchange rate is by design permanent and is particularly strong. A
currency board maintains full, unlimited convertibility between its notes and coins and
the anchor currency at a fixed rate of exchange.
(2) Reserves
A currency board’s reserves are equal to 100 percent or slightly more of its notes
and coins in circulation, as set by law. As reserves, a currency board holds low-risk,
interest-bearing bonds and other assets denominated in the anchor currency.
(3) Monetary Policy
By design, a currency board has no discretionary power in monetary policy; market
forces alone determine the money supply. Its operations are completely passive. The sole
function of a currency board is to exchange its notes and coins for the anchor currency
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at a fixed rate. Unlike a central bank, an orthodox currency board does not lend to the
domestic government, to domestic companies, or to domestic banks. A currency board
does not try to influence interest rates by establishing a discount rate like a typical central
bank, nor does have responsibility for acting as a lender of last resort to commercial banks.
The main characteristics of a currency board are as follows.(1) Anchor CurrencyThe domestic currency maintains a fixed exchange rate to an anchor currency (Britishpound sterling, U.S. dollar, Euro etc.), and the note-issuing is 100% backed by a foreignassets. A currency board is a variant of fixed exchange rate targeting in which the commitmentto the fixed exchange rate is by design permanent and is particularly strong. Acurrency board maintains full, unlimited convertibility between its notes and coins andthe anchor currency at a fixed rate of exchange.(2) ReservesA currency board’s reserves are equal to 100 percent or slightly more of its notesand coins in circulation, as set by law. As reserves, a currency board holds low-risk,interest-bearing bonds and other assets denominated in the anchor currency.(3) Monetary PolicyBy design, a currency board has no discretionary power in monetary policy; marketforces alone determine the money supply. Its operations are completely passive. The solefunction of a currency board is to exchange its notes and coins for the anchor currency1at a fixed rate. Unlike a central bank, an orthodox currency board does not lend to thedomestic government, to domestic companies, or to domestic banks. A currency boarddoes not try to influence interest rates by establishing a discount rate like a typical centralbank, nor does have responsibility for acting as a lender of last resort to commercial banks.
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