(1) Construction faults. Typical construction faults
that may be found during a visual inspection include bug
holes, evidence of cold joints, exposed reinforcing steel,
honeycombing, irregular surfaces caused by improperly
aligned forms, and a wide variety of surface blemishes
and irregularities. These faults are typically the result of
poor workmanship or the failure to follow accepted good
practice. Various types of construction faults are shown
in Figures 2-1 through 2-4.
(2) Cracking. Cracks that occur in concrete may be
described in a variety of ways. Some of the more common
ways are in terms of surface appearance, depth of
cracking, width of cracking, current state of activity,
physical state of concrete when cracking occurred, and
structural nature of the crack. Various types of cracks
based on these general terms are discussed below: