The literature suggests a number of reasons why US MNEs might have a low propensity to export labour practices. First, labour practices tend to be embedded in national rules and social norms. For example, the extensive regulation of the labour market in many European countries and the strong role of trade unions may make it difficult or unattractive for US MNEs to export labour practices to Europe (Bloom et al., 2008). Second, the low propensity of US MNEs to export working practices may also reflect strategic considerations. For example, local affiliates with a domestic market orientation may enjoy a significantly greater degree of discretion about the way human resources are managed than firms that are more export-oriented. Finally, the low propensity of US MNEs to export labour practices may reflect the specific management style of US MNEs and not be representative for MNEs originating from other countries.