which explained 63.79 per cent of the observed variance. The Cronbach alpha values of reliability for the underlying factors are 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. suggesting satisfactory level of construct reliability (Nunnally, i978) Similarly EFA was undertaken to produce a set of parsimonious distinct non-overlapping dimensions ofTM practices from the full set of 20 items. The factor analysis produced four factors which accounted for 72.71 per cent of the observed variance, as shown in Table 3. These factors were labelled as work-based systems (TMP1) HRM-led systems (TMP2), international systems (TMP3) and career