Thus, the same test was used for both the pre-test and the post-test to investigate both the students’ retention of the reviewed questions and application of grammar rules to new questions. Additionally, the 15 students’ past TOEIC scores were obtained in order to provide a reference criterion. Their scores came from each student’s three most recent IP TOEIC scores available at the time of data analyses (i. e., the IP TOEICs held in December 2009, June 2010, and December 2010 at NUCB). For those students who took all three tests, their average scores were calculated based on the three test results; for those who only took two out of the three tests, their scores were based on the two test results instead of the three.
No statistical significances are investigated or claimed in this study because of its small sample size.