In this study, the participants were recruited from the Al-Shaab Family
Medicine Medical Center, Kuwait. The participants were included in this study if
they were at least 18 y old, had a body mass index higher than 25 kg/m2 and
a fasting serum glucose level higher than 125 mg/dL (>6.9 mmol/L). Patients with
evidence of renal insufficiency, liver disease, or unstable cardiovascular disease
by history, physical examination, and laboratory tests were excluded from the
study. All participants provided written informed consent, and the study was
approved by Kuwait University