The original concept of the Darrieus turbine was patented in
the USA in 1931 under the name of G. J. M. Darrieus [44].
Modification of the Darrieus turbine to enable the extraction of
energy from tidal streams rather than wind has attracted a
number of international researchers. In 1996, Kiho et al., [45]
tested a physical Darrieus-type marine current turbine of 1.6 m diameter at Kurushima Strait, and concluded that the highest
efficiency attainable in a tidal flow of over 1.1 m/s was 56%, at a
tip speed ratio (TSR) of 2:1. The generation by tidal currents are
proven to be effective and influenced greatly by the tidal turbine
arrays [46,47,48].