Subproject 1 will provide important insights into the role of human traveling across the borders in the region on seasonal influenza transmission dynamics, and will help us design proper interventions to prevent and control the transmission. The avian influenza study in poultry will provide information on circulating viruses in the study area and the exchange of viral strains among the countries along the Corridor. This will help us understand the role of cross-border poultry transport on the viral exchange and emergence of new re-assortments.