In addition to Spears (1995), several
other scholars have been engaged in servant leadership
behavior. Laub (1999), for example, developed a conceptual
model of six clusters of servant leadership characteristics
(personal development, valuing people, building community,
displaying authenticity, providing leadership, sharing
leadership), each consisting of three categories. Russell and
Stone (2002) mentioned nine functional characteristics
(vision, honesty, integrity, trust, service, modeling, pioneering,
appreciation of others, empowerment) and eleven
additional characteristics of servant leadership. Finally,
Patterson’s (2003) model includes seven dimensions
(agapao love, humility, altruism, vision, trust, empowerment,
service).