than S. lewini on a regional scale. In the present study, four and 15
samples were identified as smooth and scalloped hammerhead
sharks, respectively, composing 3.46% of our samples. This is
proportionally lower than expected, but the hammerhead shark
fishery undoubtedly has a substantial input to the Taiwanese shark
fishery. Since smooth and scalloped hammerhead sharks are both
listed by CITES in Appendix II in 2013, actions should be taken
for countries such as Taiwan to manage their stocks and decrease
the fishing pressure on them.
Although Cetorhinus maximus and Carcharodon carcharias have been
included in the catch-report system, the FA-COA (Taiwan) has
not released the data. Only one tissue sample that we collected
from Taitung County (Chengkung fish markets) was identified as
Carcharodon carcharias, and no samples were identified as Cetorhinus
maximus, suggesting that the capture of these species could be very
rare in Taiwanese waters.
Genetic barcoding has been commonly used for shark species
identification in certain geographic regions [15,36,18,41]. However,
no prior studies have been designed to thoroughly sample
and quantify shark meat consumption in real markets. Accordingly,
we collected samples for this study across counties and cities
of Taiwan where the citizens are able to purchase shark meat. The
species list we have assembled from genetic barcoding is similar to
the species list derived by using annual landing data. Ten of the 11
dominant species mentioned in NOPA-Shark Taiwan were on our
species list, the exception being Carcharhinus obscurus. However,
Naylor et al. [41] found that C. obscurus is genetically similar to C.
galapagensis for mtDNA ND2 which evolve faster than COI.
Therefore, there is a high possibility these two species maybe the
one and the same. Further investigation should be proceeded by
using highly variable loci such as microsatellite or single-nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) to resolve this species boundary question.
Our results show that market species composition might reflect a
similar pattern to that of landing data, suggesting that genetic
barcoding could be an alternative way to acquire species-specific
data from markets. Meanwhile, based on the current population
status of sharks on regional and global scales, we suggest that
fishing and trading in Appendix II species should be banned and
that fishing quotas be gradually decreased for highly consu
than S. lewini on a regional scale. In the present study, four and 15samples were identified as smooth and scalloped hammerheadsharks, respectively, composing 3.46% of our samples. This isproportionally lower than expected, but the hammerhead sharkfishery undoubtedly has a substantial input to the Taiwanese sharkfishery. Since smooth and scalloped hammerhead sharks are bothlisted by CITES in Appendix II in 2013, actions should be takenfor countries such as Taiwan to manage their stocks and decreasethe fishing pressure on them.Although Cetorhinus maximus and Carcharodon carcharias have beenincluded in the catch-report system, the FA-COA (Taiwan) hasnot released the data. Only one tissue sample that we collectedfrom Taitung County (Chengkung fish markets) was identified asCarcharodon carcharias, and no samples were identified as Cetorhinusmaximus, suggesting that the capture of these species could be veryrare in Taiwanese waters.Genetic barcoding has been commonly used for shark speciesidentification in certain geographic regions [15,36,18,41]. However,no prior studies have been designed to thoroughly sampleand quantify shark meat consumption in real markets. Accordingly,we collected samples for this study across counties and citiesof Taiwan where the citizens are able to purchase shark meat. Thespecies list we have assembled from genetic barcoding is similar tothe species list derived by using annual landing data. Ten of the 11dominant species mentioned in NOPA-Shark Taiwan were on ourspecies list, the exception being Carcharhinus obscurus. However,Naylor et al. [41] found that C. obscurus is genetically similar to C.galapagensis for mtDNA ND2 which evolve faster than COI.Therefore, there is a high possibility these two species maybe theone and the same. Further investigation should be proceeded byusing highly variable loci such as microsatellite or single-nucleotidepolymorphism (SNP) to resolve this species boundary question.Our results show that market species composition might reflect asimilar pattern to that of landing data, suggesting that geneticbarcoding could be an alternative way to acquire species-specificdata from markets. Meanwhile, based on the current populationstatus of sharks on regional and global scales, we suggest thatfishing and trading in Appendix II species should be banned andthat fishing quotas be gradually decreased for highly consu
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