For
instance, fresh water contribution to the Vembanad estuary which
is the largest estuarine system in the southwestern coast is primarily
found to be from the Periyar river into the northern parts of
the estuary and from the Muvattupuzha, Pampa, Achankovil,
Manimala, and Meenachil rivers further upstream in the south
(Shivaprasad et al., 2013).