Relating to KM focus, the results showed that only high explicit-oriented strategy would lead to greater probability in achieving improved performance (i.e. 0.645>0.505). On the contrary, high tacit-oriented strategy resulted in low probability to achieve higher performance (i.e. 0.428<0.505). Furthermore, organizations that have integrated explicated-oriented with tacit-oriented strategy would lead to even lower probability in achieving high performance (i.e. 0.333<0.505). This result suggested that organizations should consider explicit-oriented strategy in the context of KM focus.
Relating to KM source, the results proposed that external-oriented strategy would lead to a higher probability of achieving better performance (0.529>0.421). Similarly, internal-oriented strategy showed higher probability to achieve better performance (0.636>0.421). Furthermore, organizations that implemented both external-oriented and internal-oriented KM sources simultaneously obtained even higher probability in achieving high performance (i.e. 0.909>0.636>0.529>0.421).
Considering KM focus and KM source together, we obtained some interesting results. Organizations that have high tacit-internal-oriented strategy show higher probability of achieving better performance (i.e. 0.750>0.565). On the other hand, organizations which employ high explicit-external-oriented strategy showed lower probability in achieving higher performance (i.e. 0.476<0.565). The more interesting result is that the high explicit-external-oriented strategy is acting as a moderator in assisting the impact of tacit-internal-oriented strategy on performance. Despite the fact that high explicit-internal-oriented KM strategy by itself had lower probability to achieve high performance, companies can have high probability of achieving higher performance by combining high explicit-external-oriented strategy in conjunction with high tacit-internal-oriented strategy.
4.3.2. Analysis of complementarity
The results of complementarity test on the basis of CI measures are summarized in Table 8. Relating to KM focus, a non-complementarity relationship is found based on the following three steps:
(i)
CI value of combination of explicit-oriented and tacit-oriented knowledge is 0.78, which is much less than one.
(ii)
Conditional probability measure for P(Y=1|X1=1∧X2=1) is the lower than the two independently conditional probability measures (i.e. P(Y=1|X1=1∧X2=0) and P(Y=1|X1=0∧X2=1)).
(iii)
Conditional probability measure for P(Y=1|X1=1∧X2=1) is even lower than the conditional probability measure for P(Y=1|X1=0∧X2=0).
These steps suggest that implementing explicit-oriented and tacit-oriented strategy together would decrease organizational performance.
For KM source, a non-critical symmetric complementarity is found on the basis of following two steps:
(i)
Conditional probability measures for P(Y=1|X1=1∧X2=0) and P(Y=1|X1=0∧X2=1) are higher than the conditional probability measure for P(Y=1|X1=0∧X2=0). It represents non-critical symmetric condition.
(ii)
CI value is 1.14 (i.e. greater than 1), implying that supermodularity condition holds.
Relating to KM focus and KM source together, an asymmetric complementarity is found drawing on the following two steps:
(i)
Only conditional probability measures for P(Y=1|X1=0∧X2=1) has higher conditional probability measure than P(Y=1|X1=0∧X2=0).
(ii)
CI value is 1.28 (i.e. greater than 1), implying supermodularity condition holds.
4.4. Summary of results
Table 9 summarizes our analysis results and compares them with previous research. The findings relating to the KM focus dimension were different from previous studies that emphasized both explicit-oriented and tacit-oriented strategies together. In contrast, the result relating to KM focus is consistent with other studies that focused on either explicit-oriented or tacit-oriented strategy.
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