Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium
that is among the most common causes of bacterial
infections in intensive care units (ICUs) (Clark et al.
2003). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and
methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci
(MRCoNS) are prevalent worldwide and are an
important cause of nosocomial infection, resulting in
increased morbidity and mortality, and health care
costs with skin, wound and soft tissue infections,
ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated
bacteremia, and many other infections in communities
and hospitals settings all over the world (Paulsen et al.
1997; Rubin et al. 1999; Chambers 2001; Cosgrove
et al. 2003). Centers for Disease Control reports that
MRSA currently causes 1 % of all Staphylococcus
infections, and[50 % of healthcare-associated Staphylococcus
infections (Kisgen and Whitney 2008). The
indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to bacterial
resistance to the antimicrobial drugs thereby triggering
a greater need for efficient antimicrobial agents to
which bacteria might not develop resistance. Nanoparticles
with their large surface area to volume ratio
have been studied to be likely candidates for antimicrobial
agents. Microbes are more unlikely to develop
resistance against nanoparticles since they attack a
broad range of targets which requires the microorganism
to simultaneously undergo a series of mutations in
order to protect themselves (Pal et al. 2007).
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacteriumthat is among the most common causes of bacterialinfections in intensive care units (ICUs) (Clark et al.2003). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) andmethicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCoNS) are prevalent worldwide and are animportant cause of nosocomial infection, resulting inincreased morbidity and mortality, and health carecosts with skin, wound and soft tissue infections,ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associatedbacteremia, and many other infections in communitiesand hospitals settings all over the world (Paulsen et al.1997; Rubin et al. 1999; Chambers 2001; Cosgroveet al. 2003). Centers for Disease Control reports thatMRSA currently causes 1 % of all Staphylococcusinfections, and[50 % of healthcare-associated Staphylococcusinfections (Kisgen and Whitney 2008). Theindiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to bacterialresistance to the antimicrobial drugs thereby triggeringa greater need for efficient antimicrobial agents towhich bacteria might not develop resistance. Nanoparticleswith their large surface area to volume ratiohave been studied to be likely candidates for antimicrobialagents. Microbes are more unlikely to developresistance against nanoparticles since they attack abroad range of targets which requires the microorganismto simultaneously undergo a series of mutations inorder to protect themselves (Pal et al. 2007).
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