Customer orientation
Despond et al., (1993) claims that, the customer orientation is synonymous with market orientation. They believe
that market orientation is an accepted and obvious element in market orientation and maybe that’s why in empirical
researches it’s not very acceptable. Their claims based on katlers description (1997) about market orientation are:
a collection of potential customers in an organization either in research or in act, often the concept of customer
orientation and market orientation are synonymous (brady et al., 2007). Mainly customer orientation correlates to
customer's welfare. (Auh & Manyous, 2007) beside, market orientation is different with customer orientation.
Market orientation implies on organizations activities concentration on all participations in market and beneficiary
groups while customer orientation implies on relation between customer and organization market orientation
concentrates on creating general competitive compound while customer orientation concentrates on removing
customers’ requirements and expectations individually. Strong and Harris define customer orientation as a
behavioral and cultural dimension of market orientation that operates as a strategic element (Strong & Haris, 2004).
Strong and harris break down the effective factors on customer orientation to three group. Relational tactics,
human’s sources tactics &methodical tacticsRelational tactics are tactics that their goal is to access the longsome
bilateral union with customers.