Investigations and Diagnosis
•Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Spirometry is important to establish diagnosis of asthma, assessment of obstruction and reversibility. It measures the forced vital capacity (FVC) the maximal amount of air expired from the point of maximal inhalation, and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A reduced ratio of FEV1 to FVC, when compared with predicted values, demonstrates the presence of airway obstruction.
•Blood and sputum eosinophils are generally advised in asthmatics due to allergic responses.
•Total serum immunoglobulin E, especially in patients experiencing allergic reactions.
•While chest X-ray is usually more useful in initial diagnosis than in detection of exacerbations, it also useful to exclude asthma-mimicking conditions like pneumonia, sinusitis, myocardial ischemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, bronchiectasis, upper airflow obstruction, vocal cord dysfunction, vocal cord paralysis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, etc.
•Electrocardiogram (ECG) – offers help in assessment of severe asthmatic patients as well in identifying individuals with high-risk complications like cor pulmo
Investigations and Diagnosis•Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Spirometry is important to establish diagnosis of asthma, assessment of obstruction and reversibility. It measures the forced vital capacity (FVC) the maximal amount of air expired from the point of maximal inhalation, and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A reduced ratio of FEV1 to FVC, when compared with predicted values, demonstrates the presence of airway obstruction.•Blood and sputum eosinophils are generally advised in asthmatics due to allergic responses.•Total serum immunoglobulin E, especially in patients experiencing allergic reactions.•While chest X-ray is usually more useful in initial diagnosis than in detection of exacerbations, it also useful to exclude asthma-mimicking conditions like pneumonia, sinusitis, myocardial ischemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, bronchiectasis, upper airflow obstruction, vocal cord dysfunction, vocal cord paralysis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, etc.•Electrocardiogram (ECG) – offers help in assessment of severe asthmatic patients as well in identifying individuals with high-risk complications like cor pulmo
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